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Aug. 29, 1950 L. E. MARCHANT ET AL 23,263

TX-iREE-DIMENSIONAL COPYING MACHINE Original Filed Sept. 9, 1948 4 S eeee s-Sheet 1 Aug. 29, 1950 l... E. MARCHANT ETAL 23,263

THREE-DIMENSIONAL COPYING MACHINE Original Filed Sept. 9, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 L E. Marc7rar17 V. 71 H.277 J 0, Creel L. E. MARCHANT ET AL Re. 23,263

THREE-DIMENSIONAL COPYING MACHINE Aug. 29, 1950 Original Filed Sept. 9, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 W H k We 2% W 1 v Aug. 29, 1950 L. E. MARCHANT ETAL 23,263

BREE-DIMENSIONAL comma mcums Original Filed Sept. 9, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 L.E.ffan-7zaw17 1 .h Jfa77 CTeeZ Reissued Aug. 29, 1950 ;si qx y; meseeme me tesl zeta an d a Patents and Developments Limited, Ottawa,

Original No. 2,488,"'088, dated Nbirenfier 15,1949, '1=SerialN0, 48,454fSeptemb1" 9,1948. A'pplicationf-for reissue 31111615, 1950 ie elfeiifis. (0115"1' Serial No. 168,322

. i -1am: n1. aw:ii f llil'iim in. thepfiinfilliainfnh j an; reissue Specification; matter printed in italics indicates the additions madeby reissue uranium o'f wearer Iih'ar' an "bearings 1-9 ah'd the pattern table is transferred throu'gh the pantograph arms to cause a movement of the ing to the ratio prescribed by the pantograph,

In the machine shown in the drawings the ratio of the movement of the pattern table with rep of the machine.

pattern table I relative to the carriage 8 is conspect to the movement of the work table is ten to one.

' The arms of the pantograph mechanism are of rigid construction and have ball and taper roller bearings at their respective joints to reduce friction. Futhermore, the connection of the work table 3 to the pantograph arms at 23, 23 allows for freedom of vertical movement of the table, so that no vertical load is transmitted to the pantograph mechanism and the weight of the 'work table is carried solely by the bearings I5, I6, I8 and I9 at all times.

The pattern table I and the carriage B associated with the said table are driven by hydraulic power from the hydraulic jacks 24 and 25 respectively (see particularly Fig. 2). The jack 25 is mounted on the base II and its plunger is connected to the carriage 8; it gives a transverse motion to the said carriage. The jack 24 is mounted on the carriage 8 and its plunger is connected to the, pattern table I, and serves to reciprocate the pattern table on the carriage 8 upon which it is supported, longitudinally with respect to the frame of the machine. As hereinbefore mentioned, such movements of the pattern table both in a longitudinal and in a transverse direction are transmitted proportionally to the work table 3 by the pantograph arms 22.

Hydraulic power to the jacks is provided by a pump 26 driven by an electric motor 21.

The fluid under pressure is passed through the main control box 28 embodying various controls, and through the flexible hydraulic lines 29 to the jacks 24 and 25.

. In the control box are provided three selector valves 30, 3| and 32 with operating levers protruding through the panel. Valve 3!! enables the operator to raise and lower the work table 3, and'is operated in conjunction with a restrictor valve 33 for fine adjustment. Valve 3I initiates the reciprocating stroke and the traverse or indexing of the carriage 8; in the up position it starts the reciprocating grinding stroke, Whereas in the down position it effects rapid traverse of the carriage 8. Valve 32 is used to select right or left-hand indexing. All valves have neutral positions. Mounted above the selector valves are two now control valves 34 and 35 which are connected to the reciprocating stroke lines (hydraulic jack 24) and to the traverse or indexing lines (hydraulic jack 25), respectively, and function to regulate the speed of the reciprocating strokes and the indexing of the carriage 8. A hydraulic pressure gauge 36 is also mounted in the, control panel and connects to the pump 25. Electrical start and stop switches (not-illustrated) are within easy reach of the operator.

, The hydraulic lines 29 are carried by a hinged lazy-arm 31 to prevent drag and maintain generous bends in the said hydraulic lines.

Underneath the pattern table I is an adjustable cam 38 which is adapted to actuate a plunger 39 of the valve 49 mounted on the carriage 8. The actuation of the plunger 39 of the valve 40 by cam 38 admits a given amount of fluid to the jack 25, subject of course to the setting of the selector valve 3| and the flow control valve 35, thus regulating the rate of traverse or indexing of the carriage 8 carrying the pattern table Iacross the longitudinal centre line Reciprocatory motion of the trolled by adjustable stops 4| and 42 mounted on the pattern table I each of which is adapted at the end of alternate strokes to trip the lever 43 of reversing valve 44 which in turn controls the operation of the hydraulic jack 24. An arrangement of by-pass lines and pressure relief valves serves to decelerate the pattern table I at the end of each stroke prior to reversal of its travel.

Extending from the base I'i are a pair of horizontally disposed trunnion bearings 45 (see Fig. 5) which furnish the fulcrum of a lever 46. The bearings 45 embody large thrust-radial ball bearings to reduce friction of vertical movement of the lever 46 while maintaining a high degree of lateral stability. The lever 46 is of rigid construction and carries at one end a tracer wheel adapted to bear on the pattern 2 and also carries at a point between the fulcrum and the tracer wheel a rotatable grinding or cutting tool 48,,in such a manner that when the tracer wheel is'in contact with the pattern, the tool is in contact with the work piece 4, within the limits of vertical adjustment of the work piece above the work table 3 by means of the column 5. Furthermore, the relationship between the bearings 45, the tracer wheel 41 and the tool 48 is so arranged that the ratio between the vertical movement in the pattern which is tobe reproduced. The

tool 48 must be selected accordingly to maintain the correct ratio of dimensions. For work where great accuracy is not essential, the rotary type of tool may be substituted by a tool bit.

The tracer wheel 41 is mounted on ball bearings to reduce friction. Dependent upon the curvatures of the work, it may be necessary at times to use a tool 48 of comparatively small diameter so that the bearing 48 (see Fig. 5) which supports the spindle of the said tool must also be of small external diameter to avoid fouling the work piece. For this reason the use of ball or needle bearings is impracticable, and a plain journal is used, the said journal being lubricated by air introduced under pressure through tube 49, since oil lubrication with the attendant risk of fouling the tool would be undesirable, esp'ecial1y during grinding operations. The tool is driven by an electric motor 5!] through a belt 5| and a spindle 52. The belt is constrained by a pair of idler rollers 5| so that it always passes close to the axis of the trunnion bearings 45, and its tension is therefore unaffected by the rise and fall of the lever 46.

The lever 46 is balanced by means of spring struts 53 which are adjusted in such a manner that, without the tracer wheel 41 in place, the lever is in perfect balance. Thus the reaction between the tracer wheel 41 and the pattern Z iseq valent to the weight of the tracer saw plaster or some 'other suitable material,"is-secured'to the pattern'table I and after an'appropxiatesizeof tracer wheel 41 has been selectedand mounted on the lever 45 'the said tracer wheel-is lowered by means of 'theair'jack 54 into -contact with the-surface of the-pattern. The stops il'a-nd 42 regulatin the stroke and the' cam -38 regulating the speed oftraverse are then set. Next a cutting or grinding 'tool-48 appropriate tothe nature of the work and to the size of tracer wheel 41 is selected and mounted on'thespin'dle- 52. The Work piece 4 is then secured to thepl-atform fi and rotated to the correct orientation and locked in position. The tool and t-he hydraulic pump 26 are then set in motion-and the controls on the panel of the control box 28 are set to the appropriate speeds. Bvmeans of the column 5 the work piece 4 is adjusted into contact with the tool 48 and locked in position b-y'the handle 1 relative to the work table 3.

"Asthepattern table I carrying the pattern 2 reciprocates" under the'infiuence of the hydraulic jack 24, and the said pattern table supported by the carriage '8 traverses 'by small increments across the "machine due to the operation of the hydraulic'jack'25, theworkpiece follows a similar path to that of the pattern but reduced in scale-in accordancewith the ratio of the pantograpnarms 22. The tracer Wheel 41 rolls over the "surface of the pattern following every "contour under the influence of its own weight, and the'tool "48 follows a similar path reduced 'in scale, in accordance'with the ratio of'the lever 46. Consequently, in'three dimensions, the surface of the work piece 4 is cut or ground in a directreproduction of the surface of the pattern 2, reduced-in scale in accordance with the common ratio of the pantograph arms 22 and the lever 46. 'The process continues automaticallyuntil arrested by the operator or Joy presetelectrical contacts placed on the pattern and actuated 'by the tracer wheel, to lift the lever 46*oy the-air jack 54 and at the same time to cut off'theipower supply to the machine.

"Throughout the specification the directional terms horizontal and vertical are used for convenience and to facilitate the description and are not tohe considered in a restrictive sense. Moreover, wherever the term longitudinal movement is used, it isintende'd to mean movement parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine, which is taken as being a hypothetical line =joining the tables I and 3 when they are at-their midpositions.

'Itis athought that the constructiomand use-of the invention will be apparent from the above description .of the Various parts and their purpose. .iItlis to be understood that the form of the invention herewith shown and described, is to be takcn as a preferred example of the same, and ':that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement .of parts may be resorted to, without departing :from the spirit of the invention or the scope of thesubjoinedclaims.

What We claim is:

1. 111a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of thearticle to beicopied,;a'mountingon the frame for said pat- 6 tern rtazbleipmnitting I [longitudinal and transversefl anovement :of said itable .[relative to the framejfindiretioarin :a horizontal plane, means'ifor'reciprocating the pattern tab-1e [longitudinally] in'nnedirection, means for moving the patternftable@[transversely] in another directio'mraz'workitable:adapted to support a Work piecegzamounting'for' said Work table on the frame perniitting-.movement of said table relative to the frame. in any direction in a horizontal 'planasaeguiding mechanism including means connected be'tween' the pattern table and the frame 'for measuring'the movement of the pattern 'tab'le withrespect tothe frame and means connectedfibetweenithe work table and the frame for-tc'ontrclling the movement of the work table with respect to the frame, the said measuring means :and work table movement controlling means being interengaged and the Work table movement controlling means being controlled by the measuring means so that'the movement of the work table isiproportional to the movement of the pa'ttern tabley a leverhavin its fulcrum onthe frame 'for movement in a vertical plane,

a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and acutting tool also carried by -th-e lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said"1ever:servin to impart proportionally to'the cutting tool vertical movement of the 'tracer.

:2. ilma copying machine, a frame, a pattern tallle-adaptedto carry a model of "the article to be copied a-mounting onithe frame for said pattern table permitting ijlon'gitudinal and transver'sei movement "of sai'd table {relative to "the frame] mping-direction in a horizontal plane, [means for reeiprocating'the pattern table longitudinally, means 'for moving the pattern table transverselyifi a work table adapted to support a-work piece, a mounting on the frame for said frame, the sa'id m'eas'u'ring means and {xvork] tablemovement controlling means being interengaged .and'the :[workgli table movement controlling means being controlled by the measuring-:means so that the movement of the [work] said other .tableiisproportional to the movement of the elfpatternii :saidi'one table, a lever fulcrumed at one endaon ithefframe for movement in a vertical p'lan'e, atracer carried by the lever at its other endand adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool carried by the lever intermediate theends-an'd adapted to engage the work piece, said lever servingto impart proportionally to the cutting tool vertical movementof the tracer.

3. Ina-copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted tocarr-y a model of the article to be copied, amounting on the frame for said pattern table -permitting {longitudinal and transverseZ! movement of said table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane,

75 means tor reciprocating*thelpattern table [1ongitudinally] in one direction, means for moving the pattern table [transversely] in another direction, a work table adapted to support a work piece, a mounting for said work table on the frame permitting movement of said table relative to the frame in a horizontal plane, a mechanism linking the said pattern table and work table to impart to the work table a movement proportional to that Of the pattern table, a lever fulcrumed at one end on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever at its other end and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool carried by the lever at a point intermediate the said ends, the ratio of the distance of said point from the fulcrum end of the lever with respect to the distance between the said fulcrum end and the tracer end bein the same as the radtio of the horizontal movement of'the work table with respect to the horizontal movement of the pattern table as prescribed by the linking mechanism.

4. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied, a mounting on the frame for said,

pattern table permitting [longitudinal and transverse] movement of said table [relative to the frame] in any direction in a horizontal plane, [means for reciprocating the pattern table longitudinally, means for moving the pattern table transversely,] a work table adapted to support a work piece, a mounting on the frame forsaid Work table [on the frame] permitting movement of said work table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane, means for reciprocating one of said pattern table and work table in one direction, means for moving the said onetable in another direction, a guiding mechanism including means connected between [the pattern table and] the frame and the said one table for measuring the movement of the [pattern] said one table with respect to the frame and'means connected between [the work table and] the frame and the other of said pattern table and work table for controlling the movement of [the work] said other table with respect to the frame, the said measuring means and [work] table movement controlling means being interengaged and the [work] table movement controlling means being controlled by the measuring means so that the movement of the [work] said other table is proportional to the movement of the [pattern] said one table, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said lever serving to impart proportionally to the cutting tool vertical movement of the tracer, and means to balance the lever about its fulcrum when the tracer is removed from the lever so that in operation the effective, weight bearing on the pattern is that of the tracer only.

5. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table carriage mounted for movement on the frame in a horizontal plane, a pattern ta ble adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied and mounted on the carriage for movement in a horizontal plane in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the carriage, means for reciprocating one of said carriage and pattern table [longitudinally with respect to the frame] in one direction, means for moving the other of said carriage and pattern table [transversely with respect to the frame] in a direction transverse to the direction of reciprocation, a

work table carriage mounted for movement in a table carriage being spaced from the pattern table carriage, a work table adapted to support a.

work pieceand mounted on the said work table carriage for movement in a horizontal plane in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of its carriage, a guiding mechanism including means connected between the pattern table and the frame for measuring the movement of the pattern table with respect to the frame and means connected between the work table and the frame for controlling the movement of the work table with respect to the frame, the said measuring means and work table movement controlling means being interengaged and the work table movement controlling means being controlled 'by the measuring means so that'the movement of the work table on the work table carriage and of the work table carriage on the frame is proportional to the movement of the pattern table on the pattern table carriage and of the pattern table carriage on the frame, av

lever having its fulcrum on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said lever serving to impart proportionally to the cutting tool vertical movement of the tracer.

6. In a copying machine, a frame, a patter table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied, a mounting on the frame for said pattern table permitting longitudinal and transverse movement of said table relative to the frame in a horizontal plane, means for reciprocating the pattern table longitudinally, means for moving the pattern table transversely, a work table adapted to support a work piece, a mounting for said work table on the frame permitting movement of said table relative to the frame in a horizontal plane, a pantograph mechanism anchored pivotally to the frame and linking the said pattern table and work table so that any horizontal movement of one of them is reproduced proportionally by a horizontal movement of the other, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapt-ed to engage the work piece, said lever serving to impart proportionally to the cutting tool vertical movement of the tracer.

7. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table carriage mounted for movement on the frame in a horizontal plane, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied and mounted on the carriage for movement in a horizontal plane in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the carriage, means for reciprocating one of said carriage and pattern table [longitudinally with respect to the frame] in one direction, means for moving the other of said carriage and pattern table transversely with respect to [the frame] the direction of reciprocation including a prime mover connected to the other of said carriage and pattern table and a control for said prime mover responsive to the strokes of one of said carriage and pattern table for indexing the movement of the other of said carriage and pattern table, a work table carriage mounted for movement in a horizontal plane on the frame, the said work table carriage being spaced from the pattern tab-1e carriage, a work zaaes t b e-adap ed ac-supp rte nrkmie e and m eted-nnthe said work.-:tahle carriage-fonmovement in a. horizontal plane in a.. direction. transverse to: the ,direotion. of.-inoee rnent of its carriage, a mechanismlinking the pattern table and, the work tablertotimpart to the. work table and its ar a e a Incr ment .cOr-rQ-SPOK HQ-T Q that: of the pattern table u its carria aandalso amovementcorrespondingfio. that of the pattern. table triage-on the frame. a lever having its .f u lcnum on the frame .for movementlinta vertical 'plane, a. tracoracarriea Foy r-the. lever and, adapted toiengage the modeh, and,.a.cutting, tool also carried 4by-. the,-lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said.:le,ver serving to impart proportionally, to the cutting tool ..vertical movement of thettracer.

8 .I;n. a copying machine, a frame, a. pattern table adapted. to carriajmodel of the. article to be copied and. movableon; yth; frame univr-zrsally in. a. -,ho rizontal. 'planeQa) work tab-1e adapted ,to support. awork piec and movab e on] the..fram

nniversallxin a horizon l' plane, a pan elf p mechanism. anchored. pivotally to. the frame and linking the saidpattemi table and .worhltable d so that'anyhorizontalmovmentof one of said tables is, reproduced proportionally by a ,horizontal. movement oftheother, alever having. its fulcrum on. the. frame and being constrained to move in .a pl'ane perpendicular to. the. plane .of inovezn'entof the pantograph. mechanism, a. tracer carried. by. the lever and. adapted.- to engage the model, and. .a..cutting tool also. carrie df by. the lever a d adap dt a e therwork piecathe ratio between the. movementuof .the. tr acer and. the movement .of the cuttingutool asv prescribed by: the lever beingequal to the ratio. oi the movement of the pattern and..the..movement,of the flrk i e H as prescribed.. by v the. pantoe r p mechanism. Y

Inna copyinemachine, a. frame,v a pattern table carriage. mounte liw movement .on the trame iin'la -l ionizor talv plane, a pattern table adapted to .carry a..model of the. article .to vbe beingsecured ta the earriage-and the other race to the frame, all oi} esaicl races being of V-.-sect enliw th theexeept n Dio eh is fia Q.= a comma-m chine a r me a Pa e ge-.-m.0. e qn movem n on the fraine-inia-hor-izontal plane a pattern table adapted; 20:? 'amoglel r. the article to be; copied on .t ecarriage for movement in a ane .a;1direction transverse to the l0, ;.direotion of movement of-othe-oarriage, means for .i a dwa r a e an P t on g tud nally with; respect to thef'rame] in -lone. dinection neansior movingthe other of Y ttern table-transversely with ct toi ne ns direction of reciprocation, a h-tableoar iagemounted for movement in achor-izo'nta plane on theof ram e, the said work ee-shrine seatedi e h at table ee a W r 1earted.to-s p t wor obie ean 'movn sii n:thef a wo taHole carriage for mm e nent ina-horizontal plane in a direction t neverse the d ection :of movement of its garria o, chanisrn. linking the pattern table and the, -w1orl table -to impart to the work table e amoveinent oorresponding to e m ebla n i a f da. mQYeInent loorrespongiing to that of the vpattern tabl evearrli age onrthe frame, alever having its fuleru rn-on=.the-fran1e. form ove ment in a vertical =30.r,p; ar-1,e,;a.tracer .carriecl hythe lever and adapted to engage-the; h o clel ancl aoutting tool also carried by the lerzer andaelaptecl to-engage the Work piece,

. saigitlever servinei odmp artproportionally to the cutting -tool vertical moaement of the tracer, the

.lnonnting of; ahtableonits carriage including two 12s, of parallel [raees with-rotatable bearing meinherstherehet een, one race of each pair heing seeured to-the table and the other race to the arlriageallof thesaidraces being of V-sec- .40....tion, withtthe exception of; one which is fiat.

11.- Ina. copyingtmachine', a .frame, a pattern table carriage; mounted for movement on the frame-in one direction in a horizontal plane, [on the ir-ame-transversely of thelongitudinal axis of ied a du t nt ea aee for mq -a the f a el eansmr inolexingthe said carriage,

spect :to. the. frame] in one direci'iom. means for; tion moving the other ofsaid carriage and ,pattern tab1e.,t1=ansve1:sely.. with respect to the, [frame] .diIIQCJiDTia-Of reciprocation, a. worketable carriage mounted for. movement in; a horizontal plane on theframe, the saidv-worh table, carriage being spaced from the pattern table carriage apwork table-adapted tosuppo'rt a work piece and mounted. on. the said work .tahle carriage-for movement in a horizontal plane in a-directionstrans ierse to-v the direction of *movementof. 5 its carriage a mechanism linking the pattern table and-the-Wor-k table-to impartrto; the. work 'table and its carriageya movement, =,cor;responding;-to that 0f ;the patternrahleonis carriage nd alsoxa movemen corresponding to that of the pattern tab1;e-;;car-- riage on the frame, allover-having its.=fulcrum on-;the 'framesfo'r :movement. in -.a vertical plane, a tracer carried by-thelever and adapted; .to engage the. model, and a,, cuttingtool also. carried. by the-lever and adapted: to' :engage :the workspieoe, saidflever serving to! impart proportionally atowthe cutting toolwertical movement :ofthe-tracer-,- the mounting ofiaoarriageon the frame-including two pairs 1 of parallel raceswith rotatable bearing members therebetween; one ra'ce of eaoh pair a pattern,-;tahlel,aclaptedto carry a, model of the artiole to be copiedand mounted on the carriage forz movementina horizontalplane in a ilongitudinal gliree'tionowithrespect to the frame} dif mieizeree-tOth direction of movement qffjtli'e pat-tern table. carriage means for reciproeating, the -.pattern table, a. work table carriage mounted.lforimovement .on the frame-in a horizontaleplaneilonthe-frame transversely of the .of the fram. e,; in the ,same di- 7 cction oyimovment .of the petbam aga; the said Work table carriage being spaced from. the pattern table carriage, a orkrtableradaptedato suppor a worl; piece' nd 160 fn onnt ecl n the worlg table carriage for movement in a=,- ho Zontal planein a-idirection transverse to the etiree.v on, of. movement of its carriage, apantograph meehanisin; anohoredpivotally to the frame an .rli f kingthe pattelihtahle andtheworh table that any. hor a ntal move nt of thera a le is r produ eepr po io a ly by. a hori onta movement .of- "the work;- tahle; a lever ,having its fulcrum on thecframe-andqheing constrained. to move.inraxwerticah,Eplane,= aatracer carried, by the eleven andzradaptediito engage the -model,j alldua cuttingtool: also :carried by the lever and adapted to. engage thewvorkapieoe the ratiowhetween the movement of the, traoerano' the movement of the cutting :toolas prescrihedby the lever being equal to :theratio-zo-f the-movement of the patternztahle riage, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied and mounted on the carriage for movement in a horizontal plane in a [longitudinal direction with respect to the frame,] direction transverse to the direction of movement of the pattern table carriage, means for reciprocating the pattern table, the indexing means including a prime mover connected to the carriage,

and a control for said prime mover responsive to the strokes of the reciprocating pattern table, a work table carriage mounted for movement on the frame in a horizontal plane [on the frame transversely of the longitudinal axis of the frame,] in the same direction as the direction of movement of the pattern table carriage, the said work table carriage being spaced from the pattern table carriage, a work table adapted to support a work piece and mounted on the work table carriage for movement in a horizontal plane in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of its carriage, a pantograph mechanism anchored pivotally to the frame and linking the pattern table and the work table so that any horizontal movement of the pattern table is reproduced proportionally by a horizontal movement of the work table, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame and being constrained to move in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, the ratio between the movement of the tracer and the movement of the cutting tool as prescribed by the lever being equal to the ratio of the movement of the pattern table and the movement of the work table as prescribed by the pantograph mechanism.

13. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table carriage mounted for movement on the frame in one direction in a horizontal plane, [on the frame transversely of the longitudinal axis of the'frameJ means for indexing the said carriage,

' a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied and mounted on the carriage for movement in a horizontal plane in a [longitudinal direction with respect to the frame,]

direction transverse to the direction of movement of the pattern table carriage, means for reciprocating the pattern table, the reciprocating means including a prime mover connected to the pattern table and adapted to move it in two senses, sense reversing means for said prime mover adapted to be actuated by the pattern table at the end of a stroke in one sense to cause the prim mover to urge the pattern table in the opposite sense, a work table carriage mounted for movement on the frame in a horizontal plane [on the frame transversely of the longitudinal axis of the frame] in the same direction as the direction of movement of the pattern table carriage, the said work table carriage being spaced from the pattern table carriage, a work table adapted to support a work piece and mounted on the work table carriage for movement in a horizontal plane in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of its carriage, a pantograph mechanism anchored pivotally to the frame and linking the pattern table and the work table so that any horizontal movement of the pattern table is reproduced proportionally by a horizontal movement of the work table, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame and being constrained to move in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, the ratio between the movement of the tracer and the movement of the cutting tool as prescribed by the lever being equal to the ratio of the movement of the pattern table and the movement of the work table as prescribed by the pantograph mechanism,

14. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied and movable on the frame universally in a horizontal plane, a work table adapted to support a work piece and movable on the frame universally in a horizontal plane, a pantograph mechanism having one arm pivotally mounted to the frame another arm pivotally mounted to the pattern table and a third arm pivotally mounted to the work table, the pivotal connection between one of the tables and an arm being axially free so that the pantograph mechanism carries no vertical load, the said pantograph mechanism being adapted to reproduce proportionally in one of the tables any horizontal movement of the other table, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame and being constrained to move in a plane perpendicular to the plane of movement of the panto graph mechanism, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, the ratio between the movement of the tracer and the movement of the cutting tool as prescribed by the lever being equal to the ratio of the movement of the pattern table and the movement of the work table as prescribed by the pantograph mechanism.

15. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied, a mounting on the frame for said pattern table permitting [longitudinal and transverse] movement of the said table relative to the frame in any direction in a. horizontal plane, [means for reciprocating the pattern table longitudinally, means for moving the'pattern table transversely,] a work table, a vertically adjustable column extending from said work table and adapted to support a work piece, means to lock the column against movement, a mounting for said work table on the frame permitting movement of said table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane, means for reciprocating one of said tables in one direction, means for moving said one table in another direction, a mechanism linking the said pattern table and work table to impart to the work table a, movement corresponding to that of the pattern table, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said lever serving to impart proportionally to the cutting tool vertical movement of the tracer.

16. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied, a mounting on the frame for said pattern table permitting [longitudinal and transverse] movement of the said table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane, [means for reciprocating the pattern table longitudinally, means for moving the pattern table transversely,] a work table, a rotatable horizontal platform mounted on the work table and adapted to support a, work piece, means to lock the platform against movement, a mounting for said work table on the frame permitting movement of said work table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane, means for reciprocating one of said tables in one direction, means for moving said one table in another direction, a mechanism linking the said pattern table and work table to impart to the work table a movement corresponding to that of the pattern table, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said lever serving to impart proportionally to the cutting tool vertical movement of the tracer.

17. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied, a mounting on the frame for said pattern table permitting [longitudinal and transverse] movement of the said table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane, [means for reciprocating the pattern table longitudinally, means for moving the pattern table transversely,] a work table, a vertically adjustable column extending from said work table, a rotatable horizontal platform mounted on the column and adapted to support a work piece, means to adjust the elevation of the column, means to lock the column and platform in a selected position of orientation and vertical height, a work table adapted to support a work piece, a mounting for said work table on the frame permitting movement of said work table relative to the frame, in any direction in a horizontal plane, means for reciprocating one of said tables in one direction, means for moving said one table in another direction, a mechanism linking the said pattern table and work table to impart to the work table a movement corresponding to that of the pattern table, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said lever serving to impart proportionally to the cutting tool vertical movement of the tracer.

18 In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied, a mounting on the frame for said table permitting movement of said table in any direction in a horizontal plane, a work table adapted to support a work piece, a mounting on the frame for said work table permitting movement of said work table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane, means for reciprocating one of said pattern table and work table in one direction, means for moving the said one table in another direction, a guiding mechanism including means connected between the frame and the said one table for measuring the movement of the said one table with respect to the frame and means connected between the frame and the other of said pattern table and work table for controlling the movement of said other table with respect to the frame, the said measuring means and table movement controlling means being interengaged and the table movement controlling means being controlled by the measuring means so that the movement of the said other table is proportional to the movement of the said one table, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said lever serving to impart pnoportionally to the cutting tool vertical movement of the tracer.

19. In a copying machine, a frame, a pattern table adapted to carry a model of the article to be copied, a mounting on the frame for said pattern table permitting movement of said table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane, a work table adapted to support a wprk piece, a mounting for said work table on the frame permitting movement of said table relative to the frame in any direction in a horizontal plane, means for reciprocating one of said tables in one direction, means for moving said one table in another direction, a pantograph mechanism anchored pivotally to the frame and linking the said pattern table and work table so that any horizontal movement of one of them is reproduced proportionally by a horizontal movement of the other, a lever having its fulcrum on the frame for movement in a vertical plane, a tracer carried by the lever and adapted to engage the model, and a cutting tool also carried by the lever and adapted to engage the work piece, said lever serving to impart proportionally to the cutting tool vertical movement of the tracer.

LAWRENCE EDGAR MARCHANT. VICTOR. WILSON HALL. JOHN OLIVER CREEK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 

